The conceptual Critique of Frantz Fanon Conception of Violence
The conceptual Critique of Frantz Fanon Conception of Violence
Abstract
This
paper seeks to examine Frantz Fanon Conception of Violence. Fanon’s philosophy
of decolonization explores the range of ways in which Frantz fanon’s
decolonization theory can reveal new answers to perennial philosophical
questions and new paths to social justice. The aim is to show not just that
fanon’s though remains philosophically relevant but that it is relevant to an
even wider range of philosophical issues that has previously been realized.
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Frantz Fanon was
born in Martinique in 1925. His father, Casimir worked in the customs services
and died when fanon was barely twenty-two years. Fanon grew up in Martinique
amid the descendants of African slaves who had been brought to the Caribbean to
work in the Island’s Sugar Plantation. He studied at the Lycee schoelcher in
fort-de-France, and one of his teachers was Aime Casaire. In his teenage, fanon
became highly politically active and participated in the Guerrilla struggle
against the supporters of the pro Nazi French vicely Government. At this stage,
fanon had seriously became perturbed over the French oppression of his native
Algeria, hence, one of fanon’s friend , Edourd Glissent a younger compatriot
who studied philosophy and history at the Sorbonne remarked of fanon as being
“highly sensitive”.
After 1945, Frantz Fanon studied
medicine and psychiatry in lyons and began a sort of revolutionary writing. His
first analysis of the negative impact of racism and colonialism culminated in
the text black skin, white masks. This book published in 1952 became a
foundational text for the liberation movements of the 1960s and later became a
reference material for postcolonial studies. His other major work is the
wretched of the Earth (1965), a book that is regarded as one of the central
documents of the black liberation movement. His other works include the ordeal
of the Black man (1952). Algeria’s European minority, which first appeared in
les Temps mordenes in June 1959 and later reprinted in A Dying colonialism
(1965), and decolonization and independence etc. Fanon’s revolutionary writing
had profound influence on the radical movements in the United States and
Europe, and even grained audience in the Caribbean Islands. In Africa where
colonialism was raging during that time, fanon’s writing spurred up
anti-colonial writings from the like of Ngugi Wa thiong O, Tsitsi Dangaremba of
Zimbabwe, and Senegal’s Osumane Sembene.
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1.2 Statement of the Problem
Racism, a phenomenon that depicts an
excessive and irrational belief in or
advocacy of the superiority of a given group, people, or nation over the other,
especially and perhaps, solely on physical differences, for example, colour of
the skin, has been a long standing and contentious socio-political issue. It
has led to demoralizing and devastating effects, especially on the so called
inferior race, more often than not regarded as less human, less rational,
devilish, primitive, backward and savage.
The salient point raised by fanon
which was violence as a veritable tool for decolonization constitutes the
problem which this work shall give due attention to.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The purpose of
this study is to examine frantz fanon’s conception of violence with the view to
exploring it strength and weaknesses in other to see its applicability.
This study is undertaken with the
sole aim of examining the concept of violence and show that violence has the
potential to be libratory in the sense that it allows the colonial subject to
free themselves and recreate a positive identity.
1.4 Objective of the Study
The objective of
this study is to discover the ills of colonialism which is exploitation, subjugation and racial
discrimination, the causes and the way out of these problems.
1.5 Scope of the Study
The study is
intended to pay close attention to Frantz fanon’s concept entitled; A Critique of Frantz
Fanon’s Concept of Violence.
1.6 Method of the Study
The method
adopted for these work is analyses. By analysis its attempts to prescribe ideal
political action and institution by providing valuable insights into the
psychological and political effects of oppression and dehumanization.
1.7 Justification of the Study
A critical and
detailed look at the discrimination against the Negroes in Job recruitment
abroad and in the multinational companies even in Nigeria here and other
African countries calls for the justification of fanon’s violent philosophy and
also from the basis for this work.
The way our black athletes are been
taunted and embarrassed in their European clubs, sometimes with monkey sounds
and the way our culture are been looked down upon calls for the justification
of fanon’s violent philosophy and also formed the basis for this work.
1.8 Organization of the Study
This work is
organized in chapters, from chapter one to chapters four. Chapter one contain
background of the study, statement of the problem, purpose of the study,
objective of the study, scope of the study etc. chapter two contains review of
related literature. Chapter three is divided into sub-heading which include on
the concept of violence, the principle of tragic revolutionary violence, the
principles of instrumental violence, the principle of intrinsic violence.
Chapter four include the relevance of fanon’s violence philosophy to our
contemporary society, Evaluation and conclusion.
1.9 Significance of the Study
Many blacks, in fact,
some, no matter their high level of education are still hunted by inferiority
complex, to the extent that they see themselves as naturally inferior to even
the white illiterates. To such group of people this work will be of immense
benefits for them that there are no less human, irrational than their white or
the white are more human and rational than them.
African culture is being
eroded because of blind imitation of the culture in dressing, eating manners, respects to elders etc. this work
will be of benefit to African and Nigeria
in particular to use our national ingenuity to invent rather than total
dependence on the west.
This work will also serve
as a reference material to students
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